Graded Unit Planning Process free essay sample

Graded Unit Planning process Im currently studying HEN Care Administrative Practice (Clinical Route) which involves doing placement hours at a local hospital and complete a Graded Unit which consists of three stages: planning, development and evaluation. In the planning process I must complete and develop a plan to show that I can help a patient I have chosen with a nursing activity. After having a meeting with my mentor to discuss which patient we felt would be a suitable candidate for me to complete this task with, gained consent from him.I also gained consent from the patient after explaining what and why I was doing the activity, and all information about her would be kept confidential. For this matter I will refer to the patient as Mrs. B which keeps her identity anonymous. (Data Protection Act, 1 998) Mrs. B is 76 years old and has been a widow for 8 years, she has four children and 5 grandchildren who visit her most days, she also has a small dog. We will write a custom essay sample on Graded Unit Planning Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mrs. B told me she was a waitress and continued to work up until she took retirement.Before being admitted into hospital she was very much an independent, active lady, she ekes going for walks with her dog three times daily, and also likes to going shopping. Mrs. B was putting rubbish into her outside bin but lost her footing, tripped and fell, this caused her to have severe pain and her neighbor called for an ambulance. She was admitted into accident and emergency at hospital where they done grays of her head and body and found out that she had broken her hip, she underwent a hip replacement operation.Mrs. B was admitted to the orthopedic ward and is now embroiling with a simmer frame ND assistance of one nurse on the recommendation from the physiotherapists, it is important that all members of the multi-disciplinary team work together in harmony to promote a better quality of life for the patient. Activities of Daily Living and Physiological needs On assessing Mrs. Bis needs I decided that the Roper Logan Tierney nursing model which entails twelve activities of daily living would be the best way to assist her. These activities help a nurse to make a holistic person centered assessment on the individual patients needs.When used correctly a nursing model should lead to continuity and consistency of the nursing care received by patients (Unresisting. Net 2002). As Mrs. B is in pain from her hip will be empathetic towards her and do this activity with as little movement as possible. Mrs. B needs assistance with embroiling so I have chosen to assist her with the activity of washing and dressing and plan to do this on 20/03/2015. Mrs. B is in a six bedded room on a hospital ward so I will ensure the curtains around her bed are closed and this will give her the privacy, aspect and dignity that the NC codes of conduct state (NC 2015).Mrs. B likes to choose her own clothing and I will oversee this to make sure its suitable. Before we Start the activity will have all necessary equipment in place. While Mrs. B is washing herself will assist her by ensuring her simmer frame is at hand so she can stand and support herself, I will offer to wash the areas she cannot reach and I will assist Mrs. B by following the correct moving and handling techniques (Manual Handling Act 1992). Abiding by this act will maintain the safety for Mrs. B and myself.At all times doing this activity I will ensure that I obey the infection control policies that are in place in the hospital by wearing the correct personal protective equipment (PEP) which will protect both Mrs. B and myself from any cross contamination, by doing this I am abiding the legislation in place and when carrying out the activity will be aware of any risks hazards i. E. Infection control, moving handling, proper disposal of equipment/linen used (Health and Safety at Work Act 1974).Eve been able to assess Mrs. Bis needs by spending time with her for a ewe weeks and by using SPECS have built a therapeutic relationship with her and in turn Mrs. B trusts me which makes the activity a more relaxed environment for her, by spending time with Mrs. B I recognize what person centered care is more suitable for her holistic needs and can then deliver that care to her. As Mrs. B has diminished mobility we have to make sure she gets enough exercise and movement so she doesnt get stiff, so its important that she goes for small assisted walks in the ward.Mrs. B has a healthy appetite and likes to choose her own meals. Sociological and Psychological needs Mrs. B is an independent woman thats always looked after herself and her family but now shes the one receiving care and this can be related to the functionalism theory of sociology, which focuses on the Norms, Roles and Values, stability and continuity interdependence and integration and dysfunctional. She feels as the head of her family she should be the one giving the care, but the role has been taken away from her so she has become deviant. She feels that she has been labeled that she can no longer look after herself and this can be related to the symbolic interactions theory f sociology. She fears that her family will put her into a care home but she is adamant to go back to her own home, this behavior can be understood using the humanistic theory in psychology which is focused on free will and personal choice. Mrs. B has low self-esteem since the accident, she feels she has no personal worth and her friends and family would resent her if she accepts any help from them and because of this she wont reach self- actualization.In relation to Masons theory in psychology, and understanding the hierarchy of needs method, where a persons lower needs must be met before they can progress onto the higher one and eventually reach self- actualization, was able to understand her behavior. Carl Rogers believed that if a care worker displayed congruence by being genuine, open and sincere with their patient and by showing empathy towar ds them, it would help them to better understand why their patient was displaying the behavior they are having and that they can demonstrate a helping, positive, healing relationship.Socio-Economical Factors Mrs. B will need to have homemaker set in place before she leaves the hospital UT because the Scottish government are aiming to keep people in their own homes to live independently (Caroline 2014) theres a backlog of patients in the area she lives so this means that she cannot leave the hospital, because of this Mrs. B is losing faith in the healthcare system and may hesitate to seek help from the INS in future. Contingency Plan If Mrs. B refuses to have the activity done to her due to illness/tiredness then I will attempt to do the activity at a later time that suits her.

buy custom Structural Reform of Social Security essay

buy custom Structural Reform of Social Security essay This is a summary of the Structural Reform of Social Security by Martin Feldstein. The article explains how the mixed system of social security pension -which involves both pay-as-you-go benefits and personal investment-based retirement accounts- has more economic gains than the pay-as-you-go system that is purely tax-financed. Some of the countries using the system are Chile, China, Sweden and Britain. Social security program is a program in which current benefits are paid using the current tax revenue. The revenue eceived from this program goes to Social security trust fund, while the government lents all the receipts that remain after paying the current benefits to finance its other activities. If a mixed system was fully employed, each employee would participate in pay-as-you-go system and contribute to investment-based retirement account separately. However, differences in the plans design affects the costs and benefits distribution across different generations.The assets and personal retirement of an individual who dies before hitting the retirement age would be handed down to his heirs. Those who reach the retirement age may allowed to annul the accumulated fund or take out some or all cash The prevailing value cost incurred for the maintenance of the presently projected retirement benefits can be reduced by adding the investmment-based component to the Social Security. Many policy analysts and economists recognize the long-run benefits associated with a shift from pure pa-as-you-go to a mixed system; but they believe the transition requires unacceptable costs. This is, however, not the case; it is more manageable than they suggest. The article concludes that the shift from pay-as-you-go to a mixed system is likely to reduce the labor markets distortions and increase present value of future consumption. It recommends that the transition should be done gradually such that it will not require a tax increase, a decrease in predictable retirement incomes or large deficits. The mixed system will provide greater benefits to the retiree groups; which, are poor under the current Social Security rules. Buy custom Structural Reform of Social Security essay

My single father Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My single father - Essay Example When I was nineteen, I came across one such situation. I always had strained relations with my father. We never got along very well. I felt that my father despised me. Anything and everything that I did was an insult and problem to him. He never wanted to listen to me or look at me. We never had a normal relationship that a child has with his father. 26th November 2010, my grandfather passed away. It was a dull, gloomy and a lonely day for me. I was inside my hostel when my younger brother called me and informed me that our grandfather had passed away. I had to leave for my father’s house so I drove hurriedly. I came along with a bouquet in my hand. It was the first time in my whole life when I saw tears in my father’s eyes – he was just like a helpless person. Never had I seen my father so stressed, depressed, and aggressed. I went into the room where my grandfather slept still and silent and beside his corpse was my father sitting stunned. I entered in and plac ed the flowers near my grandfather’s corpse upon which my father looked towards me. I could see helplessness in his eyes. My dad held me by the arms and pulled me towards himself and hugged me tightly as if he did not want to leave me ever again. The day passed and my grandfather was finally buried in the graveyard. My father forced me to stay the night at his house. Later that night I was unable to sleep so I came out of my room and went outside. I sat on a bench. Approximately 5 minutes might have passed and my father came out and joined me. He had two mugs of hot chocolate in his hands. He came and sat beside me. He handed me a mug and said that he still remembers that I loved hot chocolate. He kept one of his hands on my shoulder and it felt like he was not my father but a very dear friend of mine. He told me that he was sorry for happened in my childhood. He gave me a very valuable lesson that I can never forget. That night it seemed like my father had changed his stance from a father to a friend. He told me that there were thousands of things that he wanted to tell my grandfather but could not share with his father. He told me that when he saw his dead father he wanted to complain his heart out to him but he could not as it was useless and pointless. He told me that his father always treated him the way he treated me. He did not intend to do so but his experiences as a child made him a heartless man. But today he had realized that it was useless because of the damage it had caused to a father-son relationship: It was completely futile. He realized that his young days were over but ruining my days will do no advantage to him. He told me stay as I had not seen him since a long time. He assured me that we will live like a happy family. After all, I was one of the few close people alive; my mother and grandparents had already passed away. I could see that my father had realized what had been done wrong. It was time for me to understand and make things better between us. This day has been a memorable one, not because I had lost my grad father but because I had revived one of the most valued accords – one’s relationship with his father. I realized that my father loved me and he had brought me up very well despite his hard

Critically evaluate positivism's contribution to our understanding of Essay

Critically evaluate positivism's contribution to our understanding of the causes of criminal behaviour - Essay Example Positivists use scientific techniques to explain about events and behaviours of people (Scott, 2008). The theory was critical in explaining human behaviour, particularly criminal tendencies. Comte focused on criminal behaviour rather than the legal system; he was interested in ways of preventing criminal behaviour. Positivism in criminology was associated with positivist’s, such as Cesare Lombrosso, recognized as â€Å"the father of modern criminology†. He used physiognomy theories, and was influenced by Charles Darwin (Tibbetts, 2012). Positivism was one of the many schools of thoughts that arose in the 18th century in order to explain about criminology. The other schools are the classical and the Chicago school. These different principles of thoughts were based on different paradigms. Unlike the positivism, classical theory believed that people had the free will to choose whatever they wanted to do. There are various assumptions made in the positivism theory. John Mill in the naturalism theory said that social sciences should have the same structure as natural sciences. Natural sciences such as chemistry and physics cannot be compared with social sciences such as sociology and psychology. However, Mill insisted that all are sciences, and to obtain objectivity in the social sciences they should use the same structure as that of the sciences. Another principle of positivism is the unity of science. It said that all theories should be summarized into one theory. Another principle by Carl Hempel and Mill is about explanations, regularities and law. It said that the law should use scientific explanations in their work. Causation is a part of the positivistic theory. It was developed by Hume; however, it has been criticized for putting a lot of attention on the causation regularities than the real causation mechanisms themselves. The causation principle tries to show the relationship between

How E-Commerce Has Changed the Way to Do Business Research Paper

How E-Commerce Has Changed the Way to Do Business - Research Paper Example This essay will also give a brief history concerning E-Commerce and also state the advantages and disadvantages of E-Commerce to customers/ businesses. Earlier on, E-Commerce was branded as the facilitation of marketable business electronically by means of technologies like Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). These technologies were introduced early in the 1970s. Technological advancement led to introduction of other systems like automated teller machines (ATM), telephone banking, airline reservation system and credit cards which are also forms of E-Commerce (Reynolds, 2009). In the early 90s, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web which profoundly altered a scholarly telecommunication system to a global communication system named www or the internet (Plant, 2012). In time, many European and American business firms offered their services through the Worldwide Web. Since then, people are much conversant to E-Commerce with the ability to purchase various goods through the internet using electronic payment services and secure protocols. As defined earlier, E-Commerce is the process of buying and selling products and services from the internet, especially the World Wide Web. When retail selling is used, then the term e-tailing can be used. E-Commerce is divided into several categories. They include E-tailing, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), business-to-business transactions, gathering and use of demographic data through Web contacts, E-Mail and fax and the security of business transactions (Plant, 2012). E-Commerce has a number of benefits to customers and other businesses. They include efficient buying and selling procedures as well as an easy way of finding products. Buying and selling of products is not limited. The customers are able to purchase products and get services 24 hours daily. E-Commerce also allows customers to select products from various providers without the need of moving physically from one point to ano ther. This process, therefore, cuts down the rate associated with processing, inventory management, marketing, customer care and information storage (Reynolds, 2009). This in turn, reduces the burden influenced by infrastructure to conduct businesses. This form of business is easier to start and run. Moreover, this invention allows more customers to find products and services without hypothetical geographic boundaries. Lastly, there is no need for physical company setups since the business is run on a network. Since the early 1990s, the internet has tremendously grown as a technologically enthusiastic tool to many corporations. Improvement in technology and other forms of E-Commerce also came in play. There are four principal categories of E-Commerce business models. They are business to consumer (B2C), business to business (B2B), consumer to business (C2B) and consumer to consumer (C2C) (Plant, 2012). In E-Commerce, there are eight unique features that enable this web shopping proc ess run successfully. They are global reach, ubiquity, richness, universal standards, interactivity, personalization and customization and information density (Plant, 2012). Ubiquity is the leading factor in the success of any E-Commerce business. Online stores never close and they are available every time and anytime. Global reach is also essential in ensuring a successful E-Commerce busines

Companies In Controversial Industries Management Essay

Companies In Controversial Industries Management Essay Is it possible for companies in controversial industries to be socially responsible if their products are detrimental to human beings and the environment. Many claim it is impossible for them to be socially responsible because their CSR will always be an inherent contradiction since their business goal is at odds with the aims of public health policies. However as these companies already have a bad reputation, they have no need to be associated with doing good in order to boost sales. Hence when they engage in CSR, it could mean that they are genuine CSR practitioners. This paper examines CSR of firms in alcohol, tobacco and gambling industries and determines whether they can be socially responsible through their CSR implementation by using Porter and Kramers concept of shared value. However while assessing any motives companies may have to determine whether they are genuinely interested in CSR, it may be presumptuous or even unjust to these companies to assume their motives based on the consequences of their actions. Also, the approach used to determine whether the companies have been socially responsible may be too narrow. Nonetheless, companies need not have the best intentions for the society to be socially responsible. Introduction At the mention of controversial industries such as alcohol and tobacco industries, some may be quick to conclude that these industries cannot be socially responsible since they are producing goods that are detrimental to human beings and the environment. Even when firms in these industries practice Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), some may still find it difficult to start regarding them as being socially responsible. The motive behind these companies for practicing CSR is also often disputed over. As these firms already have a bad reputation, they need not be associated with doing good for consumers to demand for their products, unlike inherently good companies. When these firms practice CSR, does it then mean that they genuinely have the societys welfare at heart? Or could they be doing CSR as a way of obscuring their questionable business and gaining social acceptance? Keeping these arguments in mind, we will now look at specific firms in alcohol, tobacco and gambling industries and their CSR practices in particular to evaluate the possible incentives behind their CSR initiatives as well as to determine whether they can be socially responsible through their CSR implementation. In consideration of the controversies of CSR, in particular, the view that CSR should be conducted in such as a way that it benefits both the society and the owners of the firm, rather than only one side of the parties, we will be using Porter and Kramers concept of shared value to decide whether a company is socially responsible. This requires firms to adopt CSR practices that concurrently benefit the society and the owners of the firm, by addressing societal weaknesses or harms while improving the financial performance of the firm, to be socially responsible. Alcohol Alcohol is an important risk factor for disease. It has implications in birth defects, cases of assault and family violence, alcoholism-related abuse, traffic accidents, reduced workplace productivity and lower life expectancy (Collins Lapsley, 2008; WHO, 2011). Consumption of alcohol is estimated to cost the American society a staggering $223.5 billion/year in health care, road-related accidents, reduced workplace productivity, violence and crime in 2007 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). In comparison, federal alcohol tax revenue only amounted to $9.3 billion/year in 2007 (Congressional Budget Office). Case Study Take Diageo for instance. It is the worlds largest producer of spirits and an influential producer of beer and wine. It has 59 brands including Johnnie Walker and Guinness, two of the best-known brands of alcohol, under its portfolio. It generates $25 billion in sales revenue yearly. Diageo uses public awareness campaigns as part of its CSR initiative. It creates advertisements that educate drinking responsibly, including those aimed at discouraging excessive drinking, drink driving as well as underage drinking. However, these may have been the companys subtle attempts at bypassing regulations to advertise its alcoholic beverages to consumers. In Diageos the choice is yours campaign in 2008, it has also conveyed the message that overdrinking would inevitably lead to social disapproval, such as the embarrassing consequences of being thrown out of clubs. However, the University of Bath has found that such incidents are actually perceived as fun by youths (EUCAM, 2009), putting the intended effect of the campaign into question. Furthermore, the website of the campaign highlights the logos of Diageo drinks, casting doubts on whether it may have been aimed at advertising the companys alcoholic beverages to the consumers. The company also has campaigns that are aimed at reaching out to minors in schools. By claiming that they are contributing solutions to alcohol-related problems, the company is able to reach out to a target audience that they would otherwise not be able to reach due to alcohol marketing regulations. By using CSR as marketing gimmicks to make greater profits, the company has failed to manifest itself as a genuine CSR practitioner who does not have the societys best interests at heart when carrying out CSR practices. However, Diageo is making improvements to its corporate governance and has created a multi-prong strategy to take care of the interests of all its stakeholders. This year, it has reduced 9.4% of carbon emission in spite of its increased production and has increased water efficiency by 20% in Uganda through its implementation of better water recovery systems. In addition, it has organized internal DRINKiQ workshops to educate employees on responsible drinking. It also conducts independent audits on its suppliers with issues relating to health, safety and hygiene, working hours and wages. It also provides a confidential whistleblowing service, SpeakUp, to allow anyone who has come across a breach of its Code to report it. This ensures that Diageos Code of Conduct is strictly adhered to. Looking at the various Diageos CSR initiatives and going back to Porter and Kramers concept of shared value, Diageo would be considered a socially responsible company. Through its public awareness campaigns that concurrently discourage excessive drinking and advertise its brand of alcoholic beverages, the company is able to reduce the societal harm of its products and improve the profitability of the firm at the same time, although the effectiveness and the intended effect of the campaigns may be questionable. The implementation of better water recovery systems could also help the company save cost. These show that Diageo is a socially responsible company. Tobacco The health effects of tobacco have long been known. Smoking in particular is a major risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary heart disease, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease and cancer. Each year, 6 million deaths are caused by the inhalation of tobacco smoke. The irony becomes salient when tobacco becomes the single greatest cause of preventable death globally. With products deemed universally harmful allowed for sale, can tobacco companies be socially responsible? Case Study Altria Group Inc. is one of the largest tobacco companies in the world. It is a pioneer of the tobacco corporate responsibility movement in the late 1990s. Recently, it has come out tops in social responsibility rankings, placing 15th on CR Magazines 100 best corporate citizens list and 4th in Fortune magazine. Altria has implemented a comprehensive corporate responsibility program targeting nine specific issues: tobacco product management, marketing practices, combating illegal trade, environmental management, sustainable agriculture, supply chain responsibility, employees, investing in companies and governance and compliance. Despite the multi-faceted approach, its CSR practices have been a subject of constant criticism, with critics questioning their motivations behind the acts of responsibility. Most argument centers on tobacco product management and marketing practices. Over the years, Altria has sought to manage its tobacco product issues and marketing practices as ethically as possible. They voluntarily communicate health effects with transparency, including health warnings on all its packages and websites. They undertake research and development in developing products with lower risks and also actively partner and collaborate with governments in support of cessation. In marketing practices, they voluntarily limit their reach of marketing to unintended audiences. Based on their actions, we can see the moral duty that Altria has undertaken as a company. Critics however argue against the motivation of their CSR, likening it to the washing of blood money. Some even argue that it is used as a sword and shield against product issues (Friedman, 2009). Yet it can also be seen as an atonement of sin. The term blood money seems to convey a form of coercion or illegal means to gain, yet from how Altria practices its CSR, we can clearly see their admittance to liability, transparency and the absence of coercion. Ironically, Altria has been embarking on initiatives to discourage people from smoking, which is counterintuitive of a profit-oriented business model. This seems to highlight the effort Altria has undertaken as a moral duty to doing right what it has done wrong, clearly fulfilling Kantian and even virtue ethics, and is a display of an ethical practice of social responsibility. Critics also argue that CSR allows tobacco companies to improve their image, leveraging CSR to add value to the otherwise evil company, thereby concluding that such a motivation may be of a selfish cause. However, unlike other corporations with the freedom of liberal marketing practices, tobacco companies including Altria undergo some of the strictest regulations on advertising and marketing. In fact, the company is creating advertisements that devalue its products, essentially decreasing the companys value further. There seems to be no tangible benefit for their bottom line with the implementation of CSR; instead, a greater amount of losses are being incurred. This thus further support the ethical motivation behind their CSR practices, as not much value can be leveraged off CSR for the benefit of the companys overall bottom-line. It is evident that a tobacco companys CSR does fulfill Porter and Kramers concept of shared value for both the company and society. However, it is more of a transactional value rather than a transformational one (Palazzo Richter, 2005), after all if tobacco companies really want to change society, the greatest impact will come from its voluntary demise. Therefore, it is justified for tobacco companies to do CSR, but it will never be able to transform or make good itself. Casino Casinos, like tobacco and alcohol, have contributed to a range of social and economic harms to the society (Hancock, Schellinck Schrans, 2008), with the most apparent social impact being the increase in problem gambling. It has been estimated that 1.2% of U.S. adults are pathological gamblers and another 1.5% are problem gamblers at some point of their lives, with the likelihood doubling for people living within 50 miles of a casino (Community Research Partners, 2010). Problem gambling impacts peoples lives in many negative and consequential ways; this includes unemployment, poor physical and mental health, risked social relationships as well as increased crimes (Community Research Partners, 2010). Large sums of social costs, including those spent on bankruptcies, imprisonments and divorces; have to be spent every year as a result of these impacts. Case Study Caesars Entertainment Corporation is the largest gaming company in the world with $8.83 billion in revenue in 2011. The company has carried out CSR extensively. It launched its comprehensive sustainability program, the CodeGreen, in 2004 and has displayed a strong commitment to achieving a broad set of sustainability goals for carbon emissions reduction, energy conservation, water consumption as well as waste recycling. Harrahs Lake Tahoe Casino and Harveys Lake Tahoe Casino, two of the companys casinos, have received the prestigious Gold Certification from Travelife, a certification body that recognizes companies within the tourism industry that adopt sustainable practices. Only four U.S.-based hotels out of 400 worldwide are Gold Certified in 2013 and three of them are Caesars properties (Stevens, 2013). Besides their commitment to responsible stewardship of the environment, the company also has codes of commitment to treat all their employees with respect and to provide them with good career opportunities, to promote responsible gaming as well as to help make all their communities healthy and vibrant places to live and work. To foster responsible gaming, the company only allows adults to visit their casinos, trains their employees on how to offer help to customers who may need it and provides toll-free helpline numbers for problem gambling. They have also adopted a policy to donate part of the company profits to community and charitable causes (Caesars Entertainment). As casinos fundamentally offer products that have adverse social and economic consequences, it may be unnecessary or even irrelevant for the company to conduct CSR to appear altruistic to the public. This may therefore imply that any CSR efforts from such companies could only be genuine. However, companies nowadays are increasingly expected to embrace wider responsibilities and roles and adhere to greater ethical, legal and responsible standards. Companies that fail to do so are found to receive weakened public support and less positive views from the media (Yani-de-Soriano, Javed Yousafzai, 2012). Therefore, it remains unclear as to whether Caesars Entertainment Corporation is a genuine CSR practitioner, or that they have conducted CSR to gain social acceptance. Caesars Entertainments CodeGreen sustainability program is a great example of creating a shared value through CSR. Through committing to responsible stewardship of the environment, the company strives to conserve energy, save water and recycle waste. These are environmental-friendly practices that also bring about cost-savings for the company. While not all the companys CSR initiatives, such as those targeted at promoting responsible gaming, directly bring about economic benefits to the stockholders of the company, they can help to gain social acceptance of the public, increasing sales and thereby giving rise to indirect economic benefits. Since Caesars Entertainments CSR practices create shared value for both the society and the owners of the firm according to the Porter and Kramers model, it is a socially responsible company. Limitations In evaluating the respective companies on whether they are genuine practitioners of CSR given that there do not seem to be a need for them to appear socially responsible, we have looked at how conducting CSR could benefit them to assess the motives that they might have in executing their CSR initiatives. However, it may be presumptuous or even unjust to these companies to assume their motives based on the consequences of their actions. The companies may indeed have been genuine practitioners of CSR, even if their CSR initiatives turn out to benefit the company as well. The approach that has been used to establish whether the specific companies have been socially responsible may also have been too narrow. In applying Porter and Kramers concept of shared value, our criteria for determining whether the companies are socially responsible only lies on whether the companys CSR initiatives benefit both the stockholders and the other stakeholders of the firm; however, we did not apply the model to take into account the inherent nature of the company that their products are detrimental to the society in determining whether they are socially responsible. As a result, all the three firms examined can easily be classified as being socially responsible. On the other hand, to take into consideration the inherent nature of the company, which could only create value for the owners of the firms at best, would mean that these companies could never be socially responsible so long as they continue to operate, according to Porter and Kramers model of shared value. Conclusion Corporate social responsibility is a complex and contentious subject that many businesses have to address and commit their resources to implement. When companies whose products are detrimental to the society practice CSR, their motives are often questioned and their ability to be socially responsible may still be contested. However, as have been discussed and elaborated on above, companies do not need to have the best intentions for the society to be socially responsible. In fact, companies who are not genuine practitioners of CSR, but have both the firm and the society at heart when practicing CSR are the ones who are the most socially responsible. Finally, we conclude that companies whose products are detrimental to the society can be socially responsible companies.

Who is Most Responsible for the Deaths in William Shakespeares Romeo a

Who is Most Responsible for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet Romantic love stories are often ended with a tragedy, because of loss of passion or a loved one. These tragedies are often the result of one person’s actions that ended someone’s life or love. In the Romeo and Juliet play written by William Shakespeare, two citizens of Verona come together and fall deeply in love. Unfortunately their love comes to an end, along with their lives, because of a misunderstanding and a persistent feud between their families. Although there are many characters in this play that have contributed to Romeo and Juliet’s death, Friar Laurence is the person most to blame. Friar Laurence’s actions throughout the play resulted in the two star crossed lovers’ death. He assisted the two when they wanted to get married, which began the disastrous events in the play. Friar Laurence says to Romeo:In one respect I’ll thy assistant be. For this alliance may so happy prove, To turn your households’ rancour to pure love. (II.iii.86-88) When he says this, he is stating he will assist Romeo by marring the two, because through the marriage their families may learn to love each other; therefore ending the fight. Friar Laurence only married the two lovers because he thought it would have a positive impact on the families’ feud. However, he should of thought about the consequences and how since the head of the families were unaware, the marriage could only have negative affects. Also, they were never m...